Intensity emissions

The following charts show direct CO₂ emissions over the past three years.

CO₂ emissions intensity evolution

Specific emissions from global mix (kgCO₂/MWh)

In 2024, CO₂ emissions per MWh generated were among the lowest at the national and international level. For the purposes of comparison, the specific emissions of European electricity companies are 204 kgCO₂/MWh². The low intensity of Iberdrola's emissions is justified by its production mix, with 84% emission-free production in 2024.

The main greenhouse gas generated by the Company's activities is CO₂, from combustion during thermal power generation. Iberdrola has made a pledge to the public to remain amongst the main European companies with the fewest CO₂ emissions per kWh. The Company's strategy is essentially to gradually cut back on its GHG emissions by continuing to generate power from renewable sources, while gradually incorporating the most efficient and least carbon intensive technologies at its existing facilities.

In 2024, the installed energy capacity for gas production amount to 15.9% of the installed own capacity. Our own production of electricity from gas has accounted for 14.7% of total production (not including steam generation) and sales from energy production, distribution and gas commercialisation correspond to 15% of the Group's total sales.

⁽¹⁾ Obtained by dividing emissions by the total net production, including steam production.

⁽²⁾ Source: European Carbon Factor Benchmarking of CO₂ emissions by Europe's largest electricity utilities (November 2024, PwC)

^(*) Iberdrola uses the "own" installed production and capacity criteria, excluding production and installed capacity "for third parties". The latter reflects the particular operating conditions of some of our plants in Mexico, which Iberdrola operates under the instruction of the Comisión Federal de la Electricidad (CFE) under the figure of Independent Energy Producer (IEP).

^(**) 100% of Neoenergia has been considered since 2016.

^(***) The group has a large hydroelectric production capacity. Annual production using this technology depends on rainfall and the capacity of reservoirs during certain periods, which vary greatly. Consequently, the use of other technologies in global production also varies.