Emissions intensity

The following charts show direct CO₂ emissions over the past three years.

CO₂ emissions intensity evolution

Specific emissions from global mix (kgCO₂/MWh)

(*) Emissions intensity data for continuing and discontinued activities. Considering only the discontinued activities, the emissions intensity would be 39 kgCO₂/MWh.

In 2025, CO₂ emissions per MWh generated were among the lowest at the national and international level. For the purposes of comparison, the specific emissions of European electricity companies are 181 kgCO₂/MWh⁽²⁾. The low intensity of Iberdrola's emissions is justified by its production mix, with 85% emission-free production in 2025.

The main greenhouse gas generated by the company's activities is CO₂, from combustion during thermal power generation. Iberdrola has made a pledge to the public to remain among the main European companies with the fewest CO₂ emissions per kWh. The Company's strategy is essentially to gradually cut back on its GHG emissions by continuing to generate power from renewable sources, while gradually incorporating the most efficient and least carbon-intensive technologies at its existing facilities.

In 2025, the installed energy capacity for gas production amounted to 15.4% of installed capacity. Our own production of electricity from gas has accounted for 14.9% of total production (not including steam generation) and sales from energy production, distribution and gas commercialisation correspond to 13.5% (15% in 2024) of the Group's total sales.

⁽¹⁾ Obtained by dividing emissions by the total net production, including steam production.

⁽²⁾ Source: European Carbon Factor Benchmarking of CO₂ emissions by Europe's largest electricity utilities (November 2025, PwC).