Predictive analytics

Predictive analytics, a way to anticipate the future with new technologies

One day you are thinking about buying some new ski boots for your next trip to the mountains and you receive an email with an offer. When something like this happens, you have probably asked yourself on more than one occasion: are they reading my mind? In a way you could say yes, because events like this do not happen by chance, they are a result of predictive analytics.

WHAT IS PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

According to consultancy firm Gartner, predictive analytics is a form of advanced analytics that examines data or content to answer the question: what is likely to happen in the future? Thanks to big data, information from all connected systems can be interpreted to make predictions about how a person or a group of people will behave, which can also be applied to businesses or processes.

There are differences between descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive analysis, but we will now focus on the latter two. While predictive analytics uses data collected to make predictions about an assumption, prescriptive analytics takes that data and delves deeper to find a way to make that assumption happen. With respect to the first two, descriptive analysis examines the event itself, while diagnostic analysis deals with the causes.

 SEE INFOGRAPHIC: What are the different types of analysis and what are they for? [PDF] External link, opens in new window.

Predictive models

What is a predictive model? Basically, it is a statistical model that can be used for predictive purposes. There are two classes, parametric and non-parametric, and a third, semi-parametric, which lies between the two. Parametric models make assumptions about a finite number of parameters analysed within a family of distributions. In contrast, non-parametric models study tests whose distribution does not fit parametric criteria.

HOW TO DO PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

The process of predictive analytics starts from a dataset and requires the following steps:

1. Project definition
Identify the objective of the project and the deliverables to achieve a result.

2. Data collection
Collect data from multiple sources to obtain the most complete picture possible.

3. Data analysis
Data are inspected, sieved and modelled to draw conclusions.

4. Statistic development
The aim is to validate whether the conclusions, assumptions and hypotheses are consistent.

5. Creation of the predictive model
A predictive model that allows parameters to be modified to modulate the results.

6. Deploying the predictive model
Use the results to generate reports and metrics, and make decisions based on them.

7. Follow-up the results
Subsequently, check the results to see if they are in line with the predictions obtained.

BENEFITS OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

The main benefit of predictive analytics is that it allows companies and organisations to learn from their past experience from their data and take action to apply what they have learned in the future to achieve better results. In addition, we review some of its other advantages:

 The application of artificial intelligence, and derived techniques such as machine learning, eliminates the burden of manual data analysis and minimises errors.

 It generates a competitive advantage in the market by identifying trends, opportunities and challenges more effectively and faster, increasing sales and optimising resources.

​​​​​​​ By identifying the variables that most influence people's behaviour and what drives them to buy, customer satisfaction is improved.

 The chances of successful product launches increase, as you have a better understanding of your customers' needs and interests.

PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS TECHNIQUES

The predictive analytical techniques used for modelling are mainly based on regression techniques. Some of these techniques are: linear regression, discrete choice, time series, survival or duration analysis, classification and regression trees, etc. There are also a number of advanced statistical methods for regression and classification using machine learning techniques. These are some of the best known:

• Gradient boosting: a machine learning technique used for regression analysis and statistical classification problems that produces a model in the form of decision trees.
• Bayesian analysis: it is based on subjective probability and works by considering knowledge prior to an investigation plus the evidence obtained from it.
• Artificial neural networks: mimics the functioning of the human brain and its ability to learn or adapt, to organise or generalise data.
• Random forest: allows the construction of a set of decision trees with the idea that a combination of learning models will improve the overall outcome.
• Data mining: this computational technique consists of exploring, analysing and linking large blocks of information to obtain meaningful patterns and trends.

Predictive analytics tools

Business intelligence software solutions incorporate predictive analytics tools. The most common ones on the market are listed below: SAP Analytics Cloud (part of the SAP environment), RapidMiner (has free options), Alteryx (for teams), IBM SPSS (for research), H2O.ai (open source), TIBCO (offers a free trial version), MathWorks (part of the MathLab environment), DASH Analytics (for healthcare).

APPLICATIONS OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

Predictive analytics is used successfully in many sectors. In the following lines, we review some of them and cite some examples:

 Automotive

It applies to driver assistance technologies and new autonomous vehicles.

 Aeronautics

It applies to the monitoring of the condition and performance of aircraft engines.

 Energy

It takes into account availability, trends or weather when forecasting demand and prices.

 Finance

For example, it is applied to credit risk models taking into account a number of variables.

 Industry

Models predict machinery failures or reduce downtime, among other things.

 Health

The models are responsible for detecting patterns to predict asthma outbreaks or diabetes crises.